Tuesday, April 20, 2021

Book : Dow Jones by Peter Jones

Dr. Peter D. Jones brings the stories behind the companies that formed the Dow Jones average in 1884, as well as the ones that were included in the DJIA as the index grew over the decades. The book deserves a place in any scripophily library. Let's have a closer look.

 


  • Title : Dow Jones by Peter Jones - A History of Dow Jones Stock Averages since 1884
  • Author : Peter D Jones
  • ID : ISBN 978-1-09830-506-2, published by BookBaby, 2020
  • Language : English
  • Number of pages : 350
  • Images : almost on every page, in color except for vintage photos, page wide images of stock certificates
  • Indexes : large index section spanning 11 pages each with 4 columns of keywords 

Peter Jones introduces the reader into the world of scripophily and the history of the Dow Jones stock market index. The book continues with the stories of companies that were included in the Dow Jones index.



The United States Steel Corporation entered the DJIA in 1907 after it bought the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, one of the initial index components. This $100,000 bond once belonged to industrialist Andrew Carnegie. He sold his share in US Steel to banker J. P. Morgan for $225 million. Carnegie was paid in 50-year gold bonds like the one shown here. The buyout was the largest industrial takeover in United States history. It made Carnegie the richest American.  Image courtesy : Peter Jones  


The publication consists of the following chapters :
  1. Scripophily - what is it ?
  2. Dow Jones Company and its averages
  3. First Transport average 1884 - 11 stocks
    • Chicago and Northwestern Railway, Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad, Lake Shore and Michigan Southern RW, Louisville and Nashville RR, Missoure Pacific, New York Central RR, Northern Pacific RR, Chicago Milwaukee and St. Paul RR, Union Pacific RR, Pacific Mail Steamship, Western Union Telegraph 
  4. First Industrial average 1896 - 12 stocks : 
    • American Cotton Oil, American Sugar Refining, American Tobacco, Chicago Gas, Distilling and Cattle Feeding, Laclede Gas Light, National Lead, North American Co, Tennessee Coal Iron and RR, US Leather, US Rubber, General Electric 
  5. Second DJIA 1916 - 20 stocks, including :
    • American Beet Sugar, American Can, American Car and Foundry, American Locomotive, American Smelting and Refining, AT&T, Anaconda Copper, Baldwin Locomotive, Central Leather, BF Goodrich, Republic Iron and Steel, Studebaker, Texaco, Utah Copper, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing 
  6. Third DJIA 1928 - 30 stocks, including : 
    • Allied Chemical, Atlantic Refining, Betlehem Steel, Chrysler, General Motors, General Railway Signal, International Harvester, International Nickel, Mack Truck, Paramount Publix, Postum (General Foods), Radio Corporation of America, Sears Roebuck, Standard Oil (EXXON), Texas Gulf Sulfur, Union Carbide, Victor Talking Machine, Woolworth, Wright Aeronautical 
  7. 30 longest surviving DJIA stocks, including :
    • Procter and Gamble, Honeywell, United Aircraft, DuPont, Eastman Kodak, Chevron, Goodyear, ALCOA, Johns-Manville, International Paper, Owens-Illinois Glass 
  8. Ten largest US companies
    • Apple, Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Microsoft, Walmart, Pfizer, Facebook 
  9. Appendices
    • Corporate structures
    • Richest people in US
    • How DJIA is calculated
    • 1884 DJTA railroad locations



The Nash Motors Company was in the DJIA30 from 1928 to 1930 and from 1932 to 1936. The company, founded by former General Motors president Charles W. Nash, pioneered with car heating and ventilation systems, unibody construction and seat belts. Nash Motors became American Motors Corporation (AMC). Image courtesy : Peter Jones

By bringing the story of America's large industrial companies in easy digestible chapters, the author also tells us the history of modern industrial America. Besides writing about successful entrepreneurs, inventions, technological advances and progress in society, Peter Jones also discusses union disputes, dishonest business practises, environmental abuse, etc. Yes, lots to be amused about.

Peter Jones is also the author of these numismatic books : Colonial History in Your HandsCommemorative Coin TalesThe First Medals of AmericaThe First Coins of America and Notable Notes. A description of these can be found here


This Google Inc. share shows the facsimile signatures of founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Peter Jones' book is one of the few scripophily works that also highlights modern technology stocks such as Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook and Google. Google was not included in the Dow Jones. Why can be read in the last chapter. Image courtesy : Peter Jones

A hard cover, it measures 11 x 8.5 inches (28 x 21,6 cm). You can purchase the book from the author himself. Mail your address and a check for $79 (includes US mailing) to : Peter Jones, Box 1, Windham Center, CT 06280. International mail typically costs about $50 extra.

I especially liked the author's personal anecdotes in several chapters.


F.L.




Monday, March 29, 2021

Collectibles from the undersea world and other rarities emerge in Boone's scripophily auction

The 66th auction of Mario Boone takes place online with an exceptional wide range of scripophily collectibles. More than 1,100 antique stocks and bonds span 4 centuries of financial history.

The sale includes several historic items and a number of old collections have been consigned for this occasion. Very special, and unseen before, is a scripophily collection of the undersea world. The companies represented here had goals that captured our imagination. Their shares often featured fantastic vignettes.


During the American Civil War hundreds of ships  were destroyed. This share from the Life Saving Raft Company, was issued in 1866 just after the war. The amazing vignette shows the company's life raft with shipwrecked sailors. Early lithograph produced by Henry Seibert and Brothers, New York, and part of the Diving/Submarines collection 


The Diving/Submarines collection consists of about 90 certificates from companies involved in diving operations, the ship wreck salvage business, underwater treasure hunting, production of submarines, insurance of maritime losses, diving and life saving equipment and maritime archaeology. The collection, L(ot) 1051, offered as a whole, starts at €4,000. In case no bid is received, it will be offered again in smaller lots. 

I'll come back to the other collections consigned for this sale but let me discuss first some of the top items in the sale.


One of the highlights in the auction is this previously unseen share from 1747. Formed in 1720 the Compañia Real de la Havana organized the trade between Spain and Cuba. The company controlled the export of tobacco, sugar, wood and other Cuban products but also slaves, as well as all import of European products needed in the colony. L771 in the auction starts at €5,000. Detailed image provided on the auctioneers Invaluable.com portal, see link below.

Here are some more lovely items from the Spanish chapter in the sale :
  • L772, an early copper engraving on vellum, boundless vignette all over the design, is a share from the Real Compañia de Comercio Establicida en Barcelona, dated around 1748 but unissued which explains the moderate start price of €400! 
  • Printed with a "gold" vignette of a mining operation, the San Juan Bautista (Teruel) silvermine share, 1857, belonged to the Duke of Rianzares, second husband of Queen Maria Cristina de Borbon, L775 
  • A great example of Art Nouveau design, L782, a share in the Nueva Plaza de Toros, shows off the bullring of Barcelona


Let's jump to the present. Everyone knows how to download a PDF auction catalog and read it with the Acrobat Reader application. Both PDF and Acrobat Reader were developed by Adobe Systems. The company was founded in 1982 by ex-Xerox PARC employees John Warnock and Charles Geschke. This specimen stock certificate bears the facsimile of Charles M. Geschke. In 1992 he was kidnapped from Adobe's parking lot. Four days later the FBI found and saved Geschke. L1043, a very interesting collectible from the software industry, starts at €50 

Regarding American scripophily there is lots more to find. This auction chapter includes a top collection of ninety early USA (1816-1860) certificates, lot range 884 through 976. A few examples :
  • L886, Thomaston Coal and Mineral Company, 1819!, then part of Massachusetts, today Maine
  • L910, Philadelphia Museum Company, previously Peale's American Museum, share from 1840
  • L943, West End Land Association, 1854, vignettes of villa and native Americans
The American 'regular' section, lot range 977-1044, has some more surprises, so don't forget that part. 

The Russian chapter consists of nearly 100 lots and kicks off with another highlight :  L678, a share in the Warsaw-Vienna Railway Company. In 1814 Alexander I of Russia was made king of Poland at the Congress of Vienna. His succesor Nicholas I approved the construction of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway. Its 1839, unissued, share shows the vignette of the Russian imperial double-headed eagle. Besides tsarist era scripophily, the chapter includes several soviet certificates as well.


The Azoff Steam Ship Company, founded in 1871, serviced the harbors at the Sea of Azov and the River Don. In the Soviet period the company became an asset of the Ministry of the Maritime Fleet (Minmorflot). This 1895 specimen share was printed by Typography Brothers Schumacher. The printing house finds its origins in the 18th century print shop of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The shop was founded by Johann Daniel Schumacher, secretary of the academy and librarian to the Tsar, and his brother Johann-Jacob, professor of architecture at the St-Petersburg university. L691 

Here is an overview of the other collections that will go on the block in this auction : 
  • L5, Collection of 16 Red Cross certificates
  • L187, Collection of 46 Austrian World War I bonds 
  • L321, Collection of 84 royal loans of France under the form of life rentes (cfr. the catalogue France, The Royal Loans by Howard Shakespeare), period 1689-1787 
  • L322-333, Corsica collection
  • Lot 625-677: Rolf Büchsenschütz collection of Romania (part)
  • L1080-1117, Fire fighting collection

The printed catalog contains several indexes to help you find what you are looking for.  The online versions can be searched by keywords. 


At the start of the 20th century, Ghent, Ypres, Bruges and other Flemish cities still counted many female lace workers. During WWI, war lace was bought by soldiers as a gift for the home front in England or America. This handicraft would disappear, partly because in the Congo, then a Belgian colony, nuns taught lace-making techniques in the missions. The Congolese women and children produced large quantities of lace at very low wages. De Vrouwelijke Beroepsbonden, in English: The Women's Occupational Unions, was a cooperative from Ghent founded in 1914. This unissued share shows vignettes of a lace worker and two seamstresses. Printed by Litho. F. & R. Buyck Frères. L229 


It is impossible to mention all items in this sale, but there is a way to find out more about them. Here are the auction details :
  • Location : Internet only
  • Date : 10 April 2021
  • Further info : 


F.L.

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Tuesday, March 23, 2021

Google Translate and tiny printer names

Recently I compiled a list of the printing houses identified on the bonds and shares illustrated in the blog. Some of these printers have produced bonds and shares over many decades and in different styles. It shouldn't be a surprise that people start a collection of certificates made by their favorite printer, such as Waterlow & Sons, Richard or Cote Libre. But the quest is not always straightforward.

There is always a possibility that one can't detect a printer name on a certificate. The reason why may be simple. Sometimes the design did not include a printer name. Or, speaking for myself in this case, the name can not be identified because you don't know how to read the language.



This ¥25 million stock certificate for 500,000 Hitachi shares of ¥50 is an undated specimen (見 本) from the 1970s. Its vignettes show the company's logo, a power transformer and an electric locomotive.

As a kid I was mesmerized by the sparkling Hitachi modular Hi-Fi systems on display in a local shop. Hitachi, Ltd., a Japanese multinational conglomerate company, has been active in many fields of technology such as electric and nuclear power installations, electric engines and locomotives, military vehicles, supercomputers and communication technology. Today, Hitachi has about 300,000 employees.


The illustrated Hitachi share shows the name of its printer at the bottom. It's in Japanese. That's out of my depth but there is a work-around.

I once wrote about What you can do with Google Translate on your smartphone. In that article, I showed you how to deal with scripophily catalogs in an unknown language. I tried that same approach, this time on the printer name of the Hitachi share. It did not work.




The name of printer was too small, less than 2cm, about two grains of rice long. The characters, less than 1.5 mm wide, were too small for my camera to be recognized. If I could only provide a larger image. Now, that thought turned out to be a step in the right direction. 


high resolution scan of printer name, taken at 600 dpi

I put the certificate on the image scanner. I set the scanning properties to a high resolution of 600 dots per inch to get a large and clear image of that line of text. I narrowed the scan area to a rectangle surrounding the text. The resulting image, see above, was saved.




Next, I opened the saved image file on the PC screen, and started the Google Translate app on the smartphone. Language parameters were set : 
  • Text to translate from : Japanese
  • Text to translate into : English
I pointed the camera to the image on the PC screen and pressed the camera icon in the app.




The Google Translate software tried to recognize the words that were captured by the camera. It was necessary to find the right distance between the camera and the computer screen by holding the phone closer to and further from the screen. Then the answer appeared on the phone : Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Got it !

The text on the share actually shows two words 大日本印刷株式会社 and 印刷. The first part says  Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., the second part - which occurs also in the first part - means 'printing'. I guess the entire line means '(a) printing of the Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.'.

Here is another example of a Dai Nippon Printing certificate. Note that the name of the printer here is written from right to left.




Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 
100 Shares of 50 Yen, specimen stock certificate, 1968 


The Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., (Dai Nippon Insatsu) was organized in 1935 as a merger between the Shueisha printing house and the Nisshin Printing Co., Ltd. After WWII the company began printing new banknotes for Japan. In 1949 its Enokicho plant started producing share certificates.

What I like about Dai Nippon Printing certificates are the fine patterns and guilloches produced in subtle color tints in the underprint. You can check this blog's printer page to find another Dai Nippon Printing share.


F.L.